The following functions can only be used on variable-sized arrays. It is invalid to use one of these functions on a fixed-sized array.
fun append(_ element: T): Void
Adds the new element element of type T to the end of the array.
The new element must be the same type as all the other elements in the array.
// Declare an array of integers.
let numbers = [42, 23, 31, 12]
// Add a new element to the array.
numbers.append(20)
// `numbers` is now `[42, 23, 31, 12, 20]`
// Invalid: The parameter has the wrong type `String`.
numbers.append("SneakyString")
fun insert(at index: Int, _ element: T): Void
Inserts the new element element of type T at the given index of the array.
The new element must be of the same type as the other elements in the array.
The index must be within the bounds of the array. If the index is outside the bounds, the program aborts.
The existing element at the supplied index is not overwritten.
All the elements after the new inserted element are shifted to the right by one.
// Declare an array of integers.
let numbers = [42, 23, 31, 12]
// Insert a new element at position 1 of the array.
numbers.insert(at: 1, 20)
// `numbers` is now `[42, 20, 23, 31, 12]`
// Run-time error: Out of bounds index, the program aborts.
numbers.insert(at: 12, 39)
fun remove(at index: Int): T
Removes the element at the given index from the array and returns it.
The index must be within the bounds of the array. If the index is outside the bounds, the program aborts.
// Declare an array of integers.
let numbers = [42, 23, 31]
// Remove element at position 1 of the array.
let twentyThree = numbers.remove(at: 1)
// `numbers` is now `[42, 31]`
// `twentyThree` is `23`
// Run-time error: Out of bounds index, the program aborts.
numbers.remove(at: 19)
fun removeFirst(): T
Removes the first element from the array and returns it.
The array must not be empty. If the array is empty, the program aborts.
// Declare an array of integers.
let numbers = [42, 23]
// Remove the first element of the array.
let fortytwo = numbers.removeFirst()
// `numbers` is now `[23]`
// `fortywo` is `42`
// Remove the first element of the array.
let twentyThree = numbers.removeFirst()
// `numbers` is now `[]`
// `twentyThree` is `23`
// Run-time error: The array is empty, the program aborts.
numbers.removeFirst()
fun removeLast(): T
Removes the last element from the array and returns it.
The array must not be empty. If the array is empty, the program aborts.
// Declare an array of integers.
let numbers = [42, 23]
// Remove the last element of the array.
let twentyThree = numbers.removeLast()
// `numbers` is now `[42]`
// `twentyThree` is `23`
// Remove the last element of the array.
let fortyTwo = numbers.removeLast()
// `numbers` is now `[]`
// `fortyTwo` is `42`
// Run-time error: The array is empty, the program aborts.
numbers.removeLast()
